Grace Thompson
In 2011, the Catholic Church changed the translation of the official Latin text of the Mass for English speakers. This was the first time the Mass had changed since the 1960s, when the Latin Mass was replaced by the New Order Mass, which was to be celebrated in the local vernacular. The 2011 changes were made to more closely reflect the original Latin and included alterations to congregational responses, such as the response to The Lord be with you, which changed from And also with you to And with your spirit.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Year of change | 2011 |
| Reason for change | To adhere to stricter standards of correctness and to be more faithful to the original Latin |
| Changes | The response to "The Lord be with you" changed from "And also with you" to "And with your spirit" |
| Changes | The response to "Peace be with you" changed from "And also with you" to "And with your spirit" |
| Changes | The profession of faith was tweaked with a few extra lines added |
| Changes | The refrain "Christ has died, Christ is risen, Christ will come again" was deleted |
| Changes | The Confiteor, version A, of the penitential act changed |
| Changes | The words in the Gloria, Creed, and other significant parts of Mass were changed |
| Previous change | 1975 |
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What You'll Learn
- The response to The Lord be with you changed to 'And with your spirit' in 2011
- The profession of faith was tweaked and added to
- The refrain Christ has died, Christ is risen, Christ will come again was deleted
- The Confiteor, version A, of the penitential act was changed
- The Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed changed from We believe to I believe
The response to The Lord be with you changed to 'And with your spirit' in 2011
The Catholic Church changed the response to "The Lord be with you" from "And also with you" to "And with your spirit" in 2011. This change was part of a new English-language translation of the Roman Catholic Mass, which was first announced in 2008 but did not come into use until 2011. It was the first time the Mass had changed since the 1960s.
The new translation adhered to stricter standards of correctness and more faithfully reflected the original Latin text. For example, the Latin "Et cum spiritu tuo," translates literally as "And with your spirit." While the previous English response, "And also with you," conveyed the same meaning, it did not use the exact wording.
The change in the response to "The Lord be with you" was just one of several alterations to the Mass. Other changes included a new translation of the priest's blessing over the bread and wine:
> Old translation: "Let your Spirit come upon these gifts, to make them holy."
> New translation: "Make holy, therefore, these gifts, we pray, by sending down your Spirit upon them like the dewfall."
Additionally, the refrain "Christ has died, Christ is risen, Christ will come again" was deleted.
The new translation also featured more complex structures and vocabulary, requiring English-speaking Catholics to adjust to a new style of praying together. Some parishioners welcomed the changes, while others found them annoying or confusing.
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The profession of faith was tweaked and added to
In 2011, the Catholic Church introduced a new English translation of the Mass, which was the first time the Mass had changed since the 1960s. The new translation adhered to stricter standards of correctness and was more faithful to the original Latin text.
One of the changes in the 2011 translation was the response to "The Lord be with you", which changed from "And also with you" to "And with your spirit". This change brought the English translation closer to the Latin "Et cum spiritu tuo" ("And with your spirit").
Another change in the 2011 translation was the restoration of "I believe" in place of "We believe". This change reflected the original Latin text and emphasised the personal nature of faith in Catholicism.
In addition to these specific examples, the profession of faith was also tweaked and added to in other ways. For instance, the Nicene Creed, an ancient statement of Christian belief, was updated to reflect the language used in other languages. The changes aimed to improve accuracy and ensure consistency with the Latin text.
The Catholic Church's decision to update the translation of the Mass in 2011 was guided by the Vatican II bishops' decision that liturgy excerpts should be in the people's language. The new translation aimed to strike a balance between faithfulness to the original Latin and accessibility in modern English.
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The refrain Christ has died, Christ is risen, Christ will come again was deleted
On August 4, 2008, the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops released a new English translation of the Roman Catholic Mass text. This was the first time the Mass had been changed since the 1960s, and the changes were not immediate but were implemented over the next few years. One of the changes included the deletion of the refrain, "Christ has died, Christ is risen, Christ will come again."
The deletion of this refrain was part of a broader effort to make the language of the Mass more elevated and reverent. Critics of the old translation believed that it was too conversational, while others argued that conversational language made it easier for people to pray to God. The new translation aimed to adhere to stricter standards of correctness and more faithfully reflect the original Latin text.
The refrain "Christ has died, Christ is risen, Christ will come again" has been used in Christian worship and hymns for decades, with variations appearing in different sources. For example, in 1990, the display title of a memorial acclamation was "Christ has died. Christ is risen. Christ will come again." Similarly, in 1994, the first line of a memorial acclamation was recorded as "Christ has died, Christ is risen, Christ will come again." This line was also used in a 2004 memorial acclamation, authored by ICEL (International Commission on English in the Liturgy).
The deletion of the refrain "Christ has died, Christ is risen, Christ will come again" from the Roman Catholic Mass in 2008 represents a significant change in Catholic responses. While the exact reasons for this deletion are not publicly known, it is part of a broader effort to update and revise the language of the Mass to make it more faithful to the original Latin text and elevate the style of the language used. These changes can be challenging for Catholics, as they must adapt to new responses and prayers, but they also provide an opportunity for spiritual growth and a deeper understanding of the Mass.
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The Confiteor, version A, of the penitential act was changed
The Confiteor, or "I confess," underwent several specific changes. Firstly, the word "greatly" was reintroduced before "sinned," better reflecting the scriptural origins of the text in 1 Chronicles 21:8. Secondly, the three-fold repetition of "fault" was more accurately translated from the Latin. In the previous English translation, complex Latin constructs had been simplified and shortened, resulting in a loss of poetic quality. Additionally, the new translation included an extra line, equivalent to the Italian "per mia colpa, mia colpa, mia grandissima colpa," which is accompanied by the striking of one's chest three times as a sign of remorse for the sins confessed.
The changes to the Confiteor and the broader penitential act reflect a desire to enhance the depth and richness of the Mass and to ensure that the translations used are as accurate as possible. These changes were implemented following consultation and voting within the Church, with the proposal for a penitential act before the Kyrie being adopted by a comfortable majority of bishops.
It is worth noting that not all Catholics welcomed these changes. Some viewed the new translation as too elevated and less conversational, potentially impacting the ability of parishioners to pray to God naturally. There was also a recognition that it would take time for Catholics to adjust to the new responses and that some familiar aspects of the Mass had been lost.
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The Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed changed from We believe to I believe
The Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed, also known as the Nicene Creed, is the only authoritative ecumenical statement of the Christian faith accepted by the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Church of the East, and most of Protestantism. It was adopted at the Second Ecumenical Council in Constantinople in 381 as a modification of the original Nicene Creed of 325. The Nicene Creed of 325 established the Father as the "one God" and the Almighty and recognised Jesus Christ as the "Son of God".
The Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed differs from the Nicene Creed of 325 in several ways, including the addition of a section recognising the Holy Spirit as worshipped and glorified with the Father and the Son:
> " [We believe] in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Giver-of-Life, who proceedeth from the Father, who with the Father and the Son together is worshipped and glorified."
The Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed also differs in its use of singular verb forms such as "I believe", instead of the plural "we believe" used in the original Nicene Creed. This change from "we believe" to "I believe" reflects the personal nature of the statement of faith and is found in the Eastern Orthodox Church's received text of the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed, as well as in the Catholic Church's Byzantine Rite.
While the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed itself has remained stable since its adoption in 381, the Catholic Church has continued to evolve and update its responses and translations over time. For example, in 2008, the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops released a new English-language translation of the Roman Catholic Mass, marking the first change to the Mass since the 1960s. This new translation introduced changes to familiar responses, such as replacing "And also with you" with "And with your spirit" as a response to "The Lord be with you". These changes aimed to elevate the language of the Mass and enhance its reverence, while also staying true to the original Latin text. The new translation was implemented gradually, with new prayer books printed and distributed to dioceses, parishes, and priests before the changes took full effect.
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Frequently asked questions
Catholic responses changed in 2011.
The changes included the removal of the refrain "Christ has died, Christ is risen, Christ will come again", and the response to “The Lord be with you” was changed from “And also with you” to “And with your spirit”.
The changes were made to bring the English translation closer to the original Latin text.
The Catholic Mass has undergone several changes over the years, including the introduction of the “New Mass” in 1964, and the replacement of the Latin-language Mass with the New Order Mass in the 1960s.
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