Rachel Evans
The tabernacle is a vessel used in Catholic churches to house the consecrated Eucharist, which Catholics believe contains the real presence of Jesus. The vessel is typically made of precious metals, stone or wood, and is placed in a distinguished location within the church, such as the centre altar or a separate chapel. The exact specifications for the construction and placement of a tabernacle have varied over time, but the basic function remains the same: to provide a worthy and secure place for the Eucharist, emphasising the real presence of Christ.
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What You'll Learn
Choosing the location
The placement of the tabernacle within a church is an important consideration and has been the subject of much discussion and guidance within the Catholic Church. The location chosen should be a worthy place that emphasises and manifests the truth of the real presence of Christ in the Blessed Sacrament.
The Code of Canon Law states that the tabernacle should be placed in a "distinguished location" within the church or oratory, a place that is conspicuous, suitably adorned and conducive to prayer. The Sacred Congregation for Rites clarified in 1964 that the "Blessed Sacrament is to be reserved in a secure tabernacle in the centre of the high altar or another altar if this is really outstanding and distinguished".
The traditional architecture of Catholic churches often follows the pattern of the Old Testament Tabernacle, with two rooms separated by an altar rail or rood screen. The first room is the nave, where the congregation gathers, and the second room is the sanctuary or apse, located further east.
When choosing the location for the tabernacle, it is important to consider the size and layout of the church. In smaller parish churches, the tabernacle is typically placed on the high altar as the most befitting position. However, in larger basilicas and cathedrals, it may be more appropriate to place the tabernacle in a separate chapel to provide a quiet space for prayer away from tourists or other activities taking place in the main church.
The tabernacle should be easily accessible to the congregation, with a clear path for those wishing to approach it for prayer or reflection. It should also be located in a secure area to prevent unauthorised access or removal of the consecrated Eucharist.
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Selecting materials
Precious Metals: Historically, Catholic tabernacles have been constructed using precious metals such as gold and silver. These metals are not only visually striking but also symbolise the value and sanctity of the Eucharist they contain. Gold and silver were also used in the construction of the original Tabernacle in the Old Testament, as described in Exodus 26, further reinforcing their significance in Catholic liturgy.
Wood: In some cases, wood may be chosen as a primary material for the tabernacle. This can be a more affordable option while still maintaining a sense of reverence. The type of wood selected can vary, from traditional hardwoods to softer woods that can be more easily worked and carved.
Stone: Stone is another option for the construction of a Catholic tabernacle. It conveys a sense of solidity, permanence, and durability. Different types of stone can be selected based on availability, colour, and texture to achieve the desired aesthetic.
Textiles: While the structure of the tabernacle is often made of metal, wood, or stone, the interior and exterior may be adorned with textiles. The Sacred Congregation for Rites specifies that the interior of the tabernacle should be gilded or covered with white silk. Meanwhile, the exterior may be draped with a mantle-like hanging called a canopeum, which is typically white or may change according to the colour of the day.
Lock and Key: To secure the consecrated Eucharist within, a tabernacle should be equipped with a lock and key mechanism. This can be a simple yet symbolic addition to the structure, ensuring that the contents are accessed only by authorised individuals.
Lighting: While not a structural component, lighting plays a crucial role in the overall design of a tabernacle. Traditionally, a red vigil lamp is placed next to the tabernacle, signifying the presence of Christ. This lamp serves as a visual reminder of the sacred nature of the tabernacle and its contents.
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Building the structure
The tabernacle is a box-like or dome-like vessel that holds the consecrated Eucharist. It is usually made of precious metals, stone or wood and is placed in a distinguished location within the church, such as the centre altar. The structure should be built in a way that emphasises and manifests the truth of the real presence of Christ in the Blessed Sacrament.
When building a tabernacle, it is important to consider the materials used and the placement of the structure within the church. The exterior of the tabernacle should be adorned with a mantle-like hanging called a canopeum, which is usually white but can also be changed according to the colour of the day. The interior must be gilded or covered with white silk.
The tabernacle should be constructed with a lock to secure the consecrated Eucharist inside and prevent unauthorised removal. A keyhole and key can be crafted and spray painted to match the colour of the tabernacle. The tabernacle can be decorated further with a small cross on the front of the box and a larger cross on top.
The placement of the tabernacle within the church is also significant. In medieval times, there was no uniform custom regarding the placement of the Blessed Sacrament, but it was required to be kept in a secure and conspicuous place. In some cases, it was placed above the altar and locked with a key. Today, the tabernacle is often placed on the high altar in parish churches, but in cathedrals and monastic churches, it may be placed on a side altar or in a separate chapel.
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Adding security features
The primary function of a Catholic tabernacle is to house and protect the consecrated Eucharist, which Catholics believe contains the real presence of Jesus. As such, the tabernacle should be constructed with security in mind to prevent the consecrated elements within from being removed without authorization.
Tabernacles are typically made from precious metals, stone, or wood, and are often adorned with gold. They are usually box-like or dome-like in shape and are secured to the altar or an adjacent wall. The exact shape and design of a tabernacle can vary, but it should be constructed in a way that emphasizes and manifests the truth of the real presence of Christ in the Blessed Sacrament.
To enhance the security of a Catholic tabernacle, consider the following features:
- Lockable Mechanism: Install a secure lock on the tabernacle to prevent unauthorized access. This can include a traditional lock and key mechanism or a more advanced electronic locking system.
- Secure Mounting: Ensure that the tabernacle is firmly mounted to the altar or adjacent wall. This prevents it from being easily moved or tampered with.
- Surveillance System: Install surveillance cameras focused on the tabernacle to monitor any activity in its vicinity. This can help deter potential theft or vandalism and aid in the investigation if an incident occurs.
- Restricted Access: Implement restricted access protocols for the area where the tabernacle is located. This may include installing access control systems, such as keycard readers or biometric scanners, to ensure only authorized individuals can enter the area.
- Regular Inspections: Conduct regular inspections of the tabernacle and its surroundings. This includes checking for any signs of tampering, wear and tear, or potential security vulnerabilities.
- Vigil Lamp: While not directly a security feature, the presence of a vigil lamp, typically red in colour, is significant. The burning lamp serves as a sign of Christ's presence and can draw attention to the tabernacle, indirectly enhancing its security.
By incorporating these security features, you can help protect the consecrated Eucharist and ensure that the tabernacle remains a secure and sacred space within the Catholic Church.
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Interior and exterior design
The design of a Catholic tabernacle is steeped in tradition and symbolism. The interior and exterior design of the tabernacle should reflect its purpose as a dwelling place for the Holy of Holies, Jesus present in the Eucharist. Here are some guidelines for the interior and exterior design of a Catholic tabernacle:
Interior Design:
The interior of the tabernacle should be designed to emphasise and manifest the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist. The Catechism explains that the tabernacle should be located in a worthy place in the church, reflecting the belief in the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist. The interior should be constructed using precious materials such as gold, silver, or stone, symbolising the value and importance of the Eucharist. The Code of Canon Law states that the tabernacle should be placed in a distinguished location within the church, suitably adorned and conducive to prayer. The interior should be either gilded or covered in white silk, creating a sense of purity and reverence.
Exterior Design:
The exterior design of the tabernacle should also reflect its sacred purpose. The exact shape may vary, but it is typically box-like or dome-like in vessel, often made of gold, silver, or wood. The exterior should be equipped with a mantle-like hanging called a canopeum, which is usually white or changed according to the colour of the day. A red vigil lamp is traditionally placed next to the tabernacle, signifying the presence of Christ. The tabernacle should be lockable and secured to the altar or adjacent wall to prevent unauthorised access to the consecrated Eucharist within.
In summary, the interior and exterior design of a Catholic tabernacle should reflect its sacred purpose and emphasise the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist. The use of precious materials, symbolic colours, and traditional elements such as the vigil lamp and the canopeum all contribute to creating a space that is befitting of the Holy of Holies.
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Frequently asked questions
A tabernacle is a box-like or dome-like vessel that holds the consecrated Eucharist. It is usually made from precious metals, stone or wood, and is placed in a distinguished location in a church or oratory.
The consecrated Eucharist is kept inside the tabernacle, also known as the "holy of holies", as Catholics believe that Jesus is present in the Eucharist.
The tabernacle should be placed in a distinguished, secure and suitably adorned location that is conducive to prayer. It is often placed on the high altar in parish churches, but can also be placed on a side altar or in a separate chapel.
To build a simple tabernacle, you will need a wooden box, a funnel, two crosses (one big and one small), spray paint (preferably gold), glue, and a key. First, glue the pieces together with the funnel upside down on top, the small cross on top of the funnel, and the big cross on the front of the box. Next, spray paint the tabernacle gold, both inside and outside. Finally, you can add a keyhole and key, and decorate the inside of the tabernacle with red felt.
